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checked tone
A checked tone, commonly known by its Chinese calque entering tone (), is one of four syllable types in the phonology in Middle Chinese. Although usually translated as "tone", a checked tone is not a tone in the phonetic sense, but rather a syllable that ends in a stop consonant, such as ''p, t, k,'' or glottal stop. Note that separating the checked tone allows us to treat ''-p'', ''-t'', and ''-k'' as allophones of ''-m'', ''-n'', and ''-ng'' respectively because they are in a complementary distribution in which stops appear only in the checked tone while nasals appear only in other tones. Due to the origin of tone in Chinese, the number of tones found in such syllables is smaller than the number of tones in other syllables, and in Chinese phonetics they have traditionally been counted separately. For instance, in Cantonese, there are 6 tones in syllables which do not end in stops, but only three in syllables which do; therefore, although Cantonese only has 6 tones in the sense of 6 contrasting variations in pitch, it is often said to have 9.
Final voiceless stops, and therefore the checked "tones", have disappeared from most Mandarin dialects (spoken in northern and southwestern China), but remain preserved in southeastern branches of Chinese such as Yue, Min, and Hakka.
Tones are an indispensable part of Chinese literature, as characters in poetry and prose were chosen according to tones and rhymes for their euphony. This use of language helps in reconstructing the pronunciation of Old Chinese and Middle Chinese, since the Chinese writing system is logographic rather than phonetic.
==Phonetics==
From a phonetic perspective, the entering tone is simply a syllable ending with a voiceless stop that has no audible release: or . In some variants of Chinese, the final stop has become a glottal stop, .
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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